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Dilantin test
This test monitors the level of the seizure medicine phenytoin (Dilantin) in your blood. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant medicine given to control seizures.
You may need this test if you take phenytoin. Your healthcare provider must monitor your blood to make sure you are getting the correct dose. Too much can be toxic. Not enough leaves your seizures uncontrolled.
You may have this test more often when you first start taking the medicine and then regularly throughout treatment. You may need to repeat the test if the medicine doesn't seem to control your seizures or if any of your other prescription medicines change.
Your healthcare provider also might order other blood tests, including:
Complete blood count
Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine test to check kidney function
Liver function tests
Glucose test to measure your blood sugar, because phenytoin can cause your blood sugar to rise
Blood tests to measure the sodium level in your blood
Tests for other medicine levels
Urinalysis
Test results may vary depending on your age, gender, health history, the method used for the test, and other things. Your test results may not mean you have a problem. Ask your healthcare provider what your test results mean for you.
Results are given in micrograms per milliliter (μ/mL). The normal therapeutic range for children and adults is 10 to 20 μ/mL (8 to 15 μ/mL in newborns). The therapeutic range is just a guide. Your healthcare provider will figure out the best dose and blood level for you based in part on how well your seizures are controlled and how you feel. High levels of phenytoin in your blood can be toxic.
The test is done with a blood sample. A needle is used to draw blood from a vein in your arm or hand.
Having a blood test with a needle carries some risks. These include bleeding, infection, bruising, and feeling lightheaded. When the needle pricks your arm or hand, you may feel a slight sting or pain. Afterward, the site may be sore.
Adjusting the dosage of any other medicine or taking a new medicine—prescription or nonprescription—can affect the level of phenytoin in your blood.
Tell your healthcare provider if you are taking any of these medicines:
Amiodarone for an irregular heartbeat
Chlordiazepoxide or diazepam for anxiety
Warfarin, a blood thinner
Disulfiram to treat alcohol abuse
Estrogens for hormone replacement
Aspirin and medicines with salicylates
Sulfonamides to treat infections
Tolbutamide used for diabetes management
Omeprazole or famotidine for ulcers
Isoniazid, an antibiotic
Methylphenidate for attention deficithyperactivity disorders
Phenothiazines for nausea
Fluoxetine or trazodone for depression
Carbamazepine, primidone, or valproic acid for seizures
Fluconazole for yeast infections
Drinking alcohol also can raise the level of phenytoin in your blood. A change in metabolism also can affect your phenytoin levels. Before taking a new prescription or an over-the-counter medicine, it's best to check about medicine interactions with your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
You don't need to prepare for this test. Be sure your healthcare provider knows about all medicines, herbs, vitamins, and supplements you are taking. This includes medicines that don't need a prescription and any illegal drugs you may use.